Monday, February 1, 2010

GRAMMAR NO. 1: Saxon Genitive

EXPLANATION

The Saxon Genitive is a typical English derivation. It is used to express "ownership". It is formed by adding apostrophe S to the word that indicates the owner.

It is not difficult to understand the concept, but it is also relatively frequent to find mistakes related to it:

Problem no. 1: The genitive of the plurals

When the word is in the plural form (ending in -s/-es) we add the apostrophe but not the S

e.g. The boys' house

Problem no. 2: The genitive of words ending with -s (or finishing with the sound /s/)

In this case, we add apostrophe + S

e.g. That is James's house

Look at the fox's fur

Problem no. 3: How do we pronounce the genitive of the words cited above?

In this case, 's = /IZ/

e.g. That is James's (dzeimziz) house

Look at the fox's (foksiz) fur

Problem no. 4: When do we use Saxon Genitive and when do we use "of-phrase"?

In general, we use Saxon genitive when we refer to people

  • my uncle's cat has exploded
  • John's wife is a beautiful woman
  • Mary's husband's job pays well
Or even to animals:

A cat's whiskers should never be trimmed

In this group we include words which imply associations of animate beings, like herd, audience, gang.

There are also special cases:

  • expressions of time, like seasons (last winter's snows)
  • abstract expressions related to thought (the project's scope was impressive)
  • natural phenomena (the earth's rotation but not *the earth's satellite photograph)

For many speakers, using the "of-phrase" denotes formality:

Milton's poems vs. the poems of Milton.

There are other idiomatic expressions:

  • to get your money's worth
  • at arm's length
  • your heart's desire

PRACTICE
http://club.telepolis.com/englishweb/genitivetags.html
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/nouns/exercises?04

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